近年来随着通信技术在移动通讯﹑无线通讯等方面的高速发展，结合日渐成熟
的嵌入式计算技术和传感器技术，具有感知能力﹑计算能力和通信能力的微型传感
器开始在世界范围内出现。传感器技术是当今世界迅猛发展的高新技术之一，它与
计算机技术﹑通讯技术共同构成本世纪信息产业的三大支柱技术，备受世界各发达
国家的高度重视，作为本世纪重点技术加以发展。传感器的发展前景广阔，主要从
几个方面就可以进行概括。首先就要视域新型的传感器的开发应用已经愈来愈明显，
一些光导纤维的研发和超导材料的研发应用等，这些都给传感器的应用性能优化起
到了促进作用，从而提高传感器的应用整体质量。在人工智能材料的应用过程中，
就能充分发挥新型传感器的应用优势，提高传感器应用领域的整体工作效率。再者，
传感器的发展前景广阔，还体现在集成化功能的传感器开发研究的步伐进一步的加
快，这就说明传感器的使用功能会进一步的扩展，这对传感器的广泛应用就起到了
促进作用。基于此，本书针对传感器原理及应用进行研究，并探讨了其相关知识，
以期为相关的工作人员提供一定参考。
第一章 传感器概论················································································ 1
第一节 传感器在科技发展中的重要性 ················································· 1
第二节 传感器技术的发展动向 ·························································· 2
第三节 传感器的组成与分类 ···························································· 11
第二章 传感器的特性 ··········································································· 16
第一节 传感器的静态特性 ······························································· 16
第二节 传感器的动态特性 ······························································· 20
第三节 传感器动态特性分析 ···························································· 23
第四节 传感器的无失真测试条件 ······················································ 25
第五节 传感器的标定 ····································································· 26
第三章 传感器敏感材料及制备 ······························································· 29
第一节 敏感材料概述 ····································································· 29
第二节 热敏材料 ··········································································· 30
第三节 力敏材料 ··········································································· 40
第四节 磁敏材料 ··········································································· 44
第五节 气敏材料 ··········································································· 46
第六节 湿敏材料 ··········································································· 48
第七节 离子敏材料 ········································································ 50
第八节 光敏材料 ··········································································· 50
第九节 电压敏感材料 ····································································· 53
第十节 新型纳米敏感材料及应用 ······················································ 57
第四章 传感器中的弹性敏感元件 ···························································· 61
第一节 弹性敏感元件的基本特性 ······················································ 61
第二节 弹性敏感元件的材料 ···························································· 63
第五章 传感器原理及应用 ····································································· 72
第一节 电阻式传感器 ····································································· 72
第二节 电容式传感器 ····································································· 93
第三节 电感式传感器 ····································································· 97
第四节 热电式传感器 ··································································· 100
第五节 压电式传感器 ····································································110
第六节 光电式传感器 ····································································114
第七节 流量传感器及流量计 ·························································· 125
第八节 接近传感器 ······································································ 127
第九节 位移传感器 ······································································ 133
第十节 载荷传感器 ······································································ 136
第十一节 光纤式传感器 ································································ 137
第十二节 气敏与湿敏传感器 ·························································· 157
第十三节 生物传感器 ··································································· 168
第十四节 智能传感器 ··································································· 181
第十五节 机器人传感器 ································································ 188
第十六节 微纳传感器 ··································································· 206
第六章 多传感器系统中信息融合的应用 ················································· 214
第一节 雷达组网分布式检测系统 ···················································· 214
第二节 被动 / 红外复合制导信息融合 ··············································· 218
第三节 信息融合技术在分布式入侵检测系统中的应用 ························· 218
第四节 信息融合技术在智能交通中的应用 ········································ 219
第五节 信息融合技术的其他应用 ···················································· 236
参 考 文 献 ······················································································· 259
第一节 传感器在科技发展中的重要性 ················································· 1
第二节 传感器技术的发展动向 ·························································· 2
第三节 传感器的组成与分类 ···························································· 11
第二章 传感器的特性 ··········································································· 16
第一节 传感器的静态特性 ······························································· 16
第二节 传感器的动态特性 ······························································· 20
第三节 传感器动态特性分析 ···························································· 23
第四节 传感器的无失真测试条件 ······················································ 25
第五节 传感器的标定 ····································································· 26
第三章 传感器敏感材料及制备 ······························································· 29
第一节 敏感材料概述 ····································································· 29
第二节 热敏材料 ··········································································· 30
第三节 力敏材料 ··········································································· 40
第四节 磁敏材料 ··········································································· 44
第五节 气敏材料 ··········································································· 46
第六节 湿敏材料 ··········································································· 48
第七节 离子敏材料 ········································································ 50
第八节 光敏材料 ··········································································· 50
第九节 电压敏感材料 ····································································· 53
第十节 新型纳米敏感材料及应用 ······················································ 57
第四章 传感器中的弹性敏感元件 ···························································· 61
第一节 弹性敏感元件的基本特性 ······················································ 61
第二节 弹性敏感元件的材料 ···························································· 63
第五章 传感器原理及应用 ····································································· 72
第一节 电阻式传感器 ····································································· 72
第二节 电容式传感器 ····································································· 93
第三节 电感式传感器 ····································································· 97
第四节 热电式传感器 ··································································· 100
第五节 压电式传感器 ····································································110
第六节 光电式传感器 ····································································114
第七节 流量传感器及流量计 ·························································· 125
第八节 接近传感器 ······································································ 127
第九节 位移传感器 ······································································ 133
第十节 载荷传感器 ······································································ 136
第十一节 光纤式传感器 ································································ 137
第十二节 气敏与湿敏传感器 ·························································· 157
第十三节 生物传感器 ··································································· 168
第十四节 智能传感器 ··································································· 181
第十五节 机器人传感器 ································································ 188
第十六节 微纳传感器 ··································································· 206
第六章 多传感器系统中信息融合的应用 ················································· 214
第一节 雷达组网分布式检测系统 ···················································· 214
第二节 被动 / 红外复合制导信息融合 ··············································· 218
第三节 信息融合技术在分布式入侵检测系统中的应用 ························· 218
第四节 信息融合技术在智能交通中的应用 ········································ 219
第五节 信息融合技术的其他应用 ···················································· 236
参 考 文 献 ······················································································· 259
刘国昌，毕业于佳木斯大学工业电气及其自动化专业，主要工作是油田电气自动化控制及员工日常培训，对 PLC 和变频器控制电路有着较为深入的研究。编辑出版了石油石化电工培训教材、机采井常用电路图集及故障解析、变频器典型应用电路 100 例、三菱 PLC 典型应用电路 100 例、照明电路设计理论与应用实践、电力电子技术与电气工程研究等书籍。
姜兴安，毕业于大庆石油技校从事维修电工 22 年，现在是油田高级技师。
卫东，毕业于中国石油大学（华东）计算机科学与技术，从事电气、仪表安装、高压试验及继电保护工作。