Ferrimagnetic amorphous alloys have attracted significant attention in the field of soft magnetic materials due to their high permeability, low coercivity, low loss, and excellent wear and corrosion resistance. However, their limited glass-forming ability and insufficient plasticity at room temperature restrict their large-scale industrial applications. This book systematically investigates the composition optimization, performance enhancement, and development of absorbing materials for Fe-based or Co-based amorphous alloys, aiming to break through application bottlenecks and explore their potential in electromagnetic protection.
1. Composition optimization of amorphous alloys
- By adjusting the contents of B, Si, and Nb elements, the glass-forming ability and thermal stability of the alloy were significantly improved. It was determined that the optimal content of B and Si in (Co-Fe-Nb)-based alloys is 28%, and an amorphous rod with a critical diameter of 4 mm was successfully prepared.
- The introduction of a small amount of Mo element as a substitute for Nb further increased the critical diameter to 5 mm, while also endowing the alloy with certain plastic deformation capabilities, resolving the brittleness issue caused by shear band instability and propagation.
2. Development of low-temperature glass wrapping technology
- Innovatively, low-softening-point glass was used to wrap FeCo-based amorphous wires, reducing costs and residual stresses, resulting in smooth surfaces and stable performance of the wires.
- Through annealing processes, a novel "spike" giant magnetoimpedance effect (TGMI) was induced, achieving a maximum impedance ratio of 2400% and a sensitivity of 9200%/Oe, providing new insights for the design of high-sensitivity magnetic sensors.
3. Performance optimization of absorbing materials
- After chemical corrosion treatment (pH=2, 1 hour) of Co-based amorphous powders, the absorption performance was significantly enhanced, with a maximum reflection loss (RLmax) reaching -45.2 dB.
- Composite graphene (8% mass fraction) resulted in an RLmax of -39.3 dB at a coating thickness of only 1.4 mm, broadening the application scenarios for light-weight absorbing materials.
- Optimized Fe-based amorphous powders exhibited an RLmax increase to -68.9 dB, demonstrating the potential for low-cost and high-performance absorbing materials.
This book addresses key performance deficiencies in Ferrimagnetic amorphous alloys through composition design and process innovation, laying the foundation for their application in high-efficiency soft magnetic devices and micro-sensors. Additionally, the developed absorbing materials hold significant value in military stealth, electronic countermeasures, and electromagnetic pollution protection, providing theoretical support and technical pathways for the design and industrialization of new functional materials.
Chapter 1 Introduction .....................................................................................1
1.1 History and development of bulk amorphous alloy ................................................1
1.2 Properties and applications of bulk amorphous alloy ............................................4
1.3 Formation mechanism of bulk amorphous alloy.....................................................9
1.3.1 Structural factors of large amorphous alloy formation......................................... 10
1.3.2 Thermodynamic factors for the formation of large amorphous alloys................. 12
1.3.3 Kinetic factors of large amorphous alloy formation............................................. 14
1.4 Evaluation parameters of amorphous formation ability..........................................15
1.4.1 Approximate glass transition temperature Trg...................................................... 15
1.4.2 Supercooled liquid phase region ∆Tx......................................................................................................................16
1.4.3 γ Parameters ......................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Preparation and post-treatment of amorphous wire ................................................19
1.5.1 Preparation method of amorphous alloy wire....................................................... 19
1.5.2 Treatment method of amorphous alloy crystallization ......................................... 25
1.5.3 Giant magnetic impedance effect.......................................................................... 31
1.6 Iron-based soft magnetic amorphous alloys............................................................38
1.6.1 Development and research status of FeCo based soft magnetic alloy.................. 38
1.6.2 Research status of Co-based amorphous alloy ..................................................... 43
1.6.3 Low temperature electrical transport properties of amorphous metals................. 44
1.7 Mechanism and research status of absorbing materials..........................................52
1.7.1 The birth and development of absorbing materials............................................... 52
1.7.2 Classification of absorbing materials.................................................................... 54
1.7.3 Loss mechanism of absorbing materials............................................................... 56
1.7.4 The principle of absorbing waves by absorbing materials.................................... 59
1.7.5 Research status of absorptive materials................................................................ 62
Chapter 2 Study on the formation ability and magnetic properties of cobalt-based
alloy amorphous materials................................................................................... 65
2.1 Influence of element adjustment on the formation ability of cobalt-based alloy
amorphous.....................................................................................................................65
2.1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 65
2.1.2 Experimental method............................................................................................ 66
2.1.3 Theoretical basis of element selection .................................................................. 67
2.1.4 Influence of B and Si element adjustment on the formation ability of CoFeBSiNb
alloy system amorphous................................................................................................. 71
2.1.5 Influence of Nb element adjustment on the formation ability of CoFeBSiNb alloy
system amorphous.......................................................................................................... 79
2.1.7 Summary of this chapter....................................................................................... 87
2.2 Analysis of cobalt-based alloy amorphous formation ability..................................89
2.2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 89
2.2.2 Analysis of free energy state of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy system amorphous........... 89
2.2.3 Analysis of non-crystalline crystallization process of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy system
....................................................................................................................................... 94
2.2.4 Critical cooling rate of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy system ........................................108
2.2.5 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................115
2.3 Study on magnetic properties of cobalt-based bulk amorphous alloys.................116
2.3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................116
2.3.2 Experimental method..........................................................................................118
2.3.3 Influence of element adjustment on magnetic properties of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy
system ..........................................................................................................................119
2.3.4 CoFeBSiNb Study on giant magnetic resistance effect of amorphous alloy ......125
2.3.5 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................137
2.4 Influence of Mo element addition on the formation ability and properties of CoFeBSiNb alloy system amorphous.....................................................................................139
2.4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................139
2.4.2 Influence of Mo element addition on the thermodynamic properties of CoFeBSiNb
alloy system .................................................................................................................139
2.4.3 Analysis of the formation ability of amorphous alloy system ...........................141
2.4.4 Analysis of magnetic and mechanical properties of CoFeBSiNbMo alloy system
.....................................................................................................................................147
2.4.5 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................155
Chapter 3. Study on low temperature glass wrapping amorphous wire ....159
3.1 Study on the preparation process of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous
alloy wire.....................................................................................................................159
3.1.1 Development history of glass wrapped amorphous wire....................................160
3.1.2 Preparation principle of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous wire.........165
3.1.3 Low temperature glass wrapping amorphous wire preparation device ..............169
3.1.4 Preparation process of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous wire...........175
3.1.5 Key problems in the preparation of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous wire
.....................................................................................................................................180
3.1.6 Advantages of low temperature glass wrapping amorphous wire preparation
technology....................................................................................................................186
3.2 Study on GMI effect of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo base alloy fine wire
.....................................................................................................................................189
3.2.1 Study on the GMI effect of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo base alloy wire
.....................................................................................................................................191
3.2.2 Study on GMI effect of current annealing low temperature glass wrapped FeCo
base alloy filaments......................................................................................................195
3.2.3 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................198
3.3 SEM morphology analysis of cross-section of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo
base alloy wire.............................................................................................................202
3.3.1 SEM morphology analysis of the cross-section of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo
base alloy wire after temperature annealing ..................................................................203
3.3.2 SEM morphology analysis of current annealed low temperature.......................206
3.3.3 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................208
3.4 Study on “spike” giant magnetic impedance effect...............................................210
3.4.1 TGMI effect and its characterization ..................................................................211
3.4.2 Influence of annealing temperature on TGMI effect...........................................212
3.4.3 Influence of current density on TGMI effect ......................................................214
3.4.4 Influence of drive current frequency on TGMI effect of temperature annealed
samples.........................................................................................................................215
3.4.5 Influence of drive current frequency on TGMI effect of current annealed samples
.....................................................................................................................................217
3.4.6 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................219
3.5 Study on the low temperature resistance characteristics of FeCo base alloy fine wire
wrapped in low temperature glass.................................................................................230
3.5.1 Theory of electrical transport in amorphous alloys ............................................231
3.5.2 Influence of heat treatment on the low temperature resistance of low temperature glass
wrapped FeCo base alloy wire .......................................................................................233
3.5.3 Fitting of resistance temperature relationship curve...........................................239
3.5.4 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................244
Chapter 4 Research on amorphous absorbing materials............................249
4.1 Preparation of amorphous magnetic materials......................................................249
4.1.1 Preparation of amorphous thin band...................................................................249
4.1.2 Preparation of amorphous powder......................................................................252
4.2 Study on the absorbing properties of CoFeBSiNb amorphous powder ................253
4.2.1 Sample preparation and analysis.........................................................................253
4.2.2 Influence of the mass fraction of absorber on absorption performance..............258
Chapter 1 Introduction
4.2.3 Influence of pH value on absorption performance ...........................................266
4.2.4 Influence of corrosion time on absorption performance.....................................271
4.2.5 Influence of graphene composites on absorptive performance...........................275
4.2.6 Summary.............................................................................................................283
4.3 FeSiBPC study on the absorptive properties of amorphous powder.....................286
4.3.1 Sample preparation and analysis.........................................................................286
4.3.2 Influence of the mass fraction of absorber on absorption performance..............290
4.3.3 Influence of pH value on absorption performance..............................................294
4.3.4 Influence of corrosion time on absorptive performance .....................................301
4.3.5 Summary.............................................................................................................313
4.4 Study on the absorptive properties of FeCoB amorphous powder........................317
4.4.1 Sample preparation and analysis.........................................................................317
4.4.2 Influence of the mass fraction of absorber on absorption performance..............320
4.4.3 Summary.............................................................................................................336
References.........................................................................................................341
1.1 History and development of bulk amorphous alloy ................................................1
1.2 Properties and applications of bulk amorphous alloy ............................................4
1.3 Formation mechanism of bulk amorphous alloy.....................................................9
1.3.1 Structural factors of large amorphous alloy formation......................................... 10
1.3.2 Thermodynamic factors for the formation of large amorphous alloys................. 12
1.3.3 Kinetic factors of large amorphous alloy formation............................................. 14
1.4 Evaluation parameters of amorphous formation ability..........................................15
1.4.1 Approximate glass transition temperature Trg...................................................... 15
1.4.2 Supercooled liquid phase region ∆Tx......................................................................................................................16
1.4.3 γ Parameters ......................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Preparation and post-treatment of amorphous wire ................................................19
1.5.1 Preparation method of amorphous alloy wire....................................................... 19
1.5.2 Treatment method of amorphous alloy crystallization ......................................... 25
1.5.3 Giant magnetic impedance effect.......................................................................... 31
1.6 Iron-based soft magnetic amorphous alloys............................................................38
1.6.1 Development and research status of FeCo based soft magnetic alloy.................. 38
1.6.2 Research status of Co-based amorphous alloy ..................................................... 43
1.6.3 Low temperature electrical transport properties of amorphous metals................. 44
1.7 Mechanism and research status of absorbing materials..........................................52
1.7.1 The birth and development of absorbing materials............................................... 52
1.7.2 Classification of absorbing materials.................................................................... 54
1.7.3 Loss mechanism of absorbing materials............................................................... 56
1.7.4 The principle of absorbing waves by absorbing materials.................................... 59
1.7.5 Research status of absorptive materials................................................................ 62
Chapter 2 Study on the formation ability and magnetic properties of cobalt-based
alloy amorphous materials................................................................................... 65
2.1 Influence of element adjustment on the formation ability of cobalt-based alloy
amorphous.....................................................................................................................65
2.1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 65
2.1.2 Experimental method............................................................................................ 66
2.1.3 Theoretical basis of element selection .................................................................. 67
2.1.4 Influence of B and Si element adjustment on the formation ability of CoFeBSiNb
alloy system amorphous................................................................................................. 71
2.1.5 Influence of Nb element adjustment on the formation ability of CoFeBSiNb alloy
system amorphous.......................................................................................................... 79
2.1.7 Summary of this chapter....................................................................................... 87
2.2 Analysis of cobalt-based alloy amorphous formation ability..................................89
2.2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 89
2.2.2 Analysis of free energy state of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy system amorphous........... 89
2.2.3 Analysis of non-crystalline crystallization process of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy system
....................................................................................................................................... 94
2.2.4 Critical cooling rate of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy system ........................................108
2.2.5 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................115
2.3 Study on magnetic properties of cobalt-based bulk amorphous alloys.................116
2.3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................116
2.3.2 Experimental method..........................................................................................118
2.3.3 Influence of element adjustment on magnetic properties of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb alloy
system ..........................................................................................................................119
2.3.4 CoFeBSiNb Study on giant magnetic resistance effect of amorphous alloy ......125
2.3.5 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................137
2.4 Influence of Mo element addition on the formation ability and properties of CoFeBSiNb alloy system amorphous.....................................................................................139
2.4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................139
2.4.2 Influence of Mo element addition on the thermodynamic properties of CoFeBSiNb
alloy system .................................................................................................................139
2.4.3 Analysis of the formation ability of amorphous alloy system ...........................141
2.4.4 Analysis of magnetic and mechanical properties of CoFeBSiNbMo alloy system
.....................................................................................................................................147
2.4.5 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................155
Chapter 3. Study on low temperature glass wrapping amorphous wire ....159
3.1 Study on the preparation process of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous
alloy wire.....................................................................................................................159
3.1.1 Development history of glass wrapped amorphous wire....................................160
3.1.2 Preparation principle of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous wire.........165
3.1.3 Low temperature glass wrapping amorphous wire preparation device ..............169
3.1.4 Preparation process of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous wire...........175
3.1.5 Key problems in the preparation of low temperature glass wrapped amorphous wire
.....................................................................................................................................180
3.1.6 Advantages of low temperature glass wrapping amorphous wire preparation
technology....................................................................................................................186
3.2 Study on GMI effect of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo base alloy fine wire
.....................................................................................................................................189
3.2.1 Study on the GMI effect of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo base alloy wire
.....................................................................................................................................191
3.2.2 Study on GMI effect of current annealing low temperature glass wrapped FeCo
base alloy filaments......................................................................................................195
3.2.3 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................198
3.3 SEM morphology analysis of cross-section of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo
base alloy wire.............................................................................................................202
3.3.1 SEM morphology analysis of the cross-section of low temperature glass wrapped FeCo
base alloy wire after temperature annealing ..................................................................203
3.3.2 SEM morphology analysis of current annealed low temperature.......................206
3.3.3 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................208
3.4 Study on “spike” giant magnetic impedance effect...............................................210
3.4.1 TGMI effect and its characterization ..................................................................211
3.4.2 Influence of annealing temperature on TGMI effect...........................................212
3.4.3 Influence of current density on TGMI effect ......................................................214
3.4.4 Influence of drive current frequency on TGMI effect of temperature annealed
samples.........................................................................................................................215
3.4.5 Influence of drive current frequency on TGMI effect of current annealed samples
.....................................................................................................................................217
3.4.6 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................219
3.5 Study on the low temperature resistance characteristics of FeCo base alloy fine wire
wrapped in low temperature glass.................................................................................230
3.5.1 Theory of electrical transport in amorphous alloys ............................................231
3.5.2 Influence of heat treatment on the low temperature resistance of low temperature glass
wrapped FeCo base alloy wire .......................................................................................233
3.5.3 Fitting of resistance temperature relationship curve...........................................239
3.5.4 Summary of this chapter.....................................................................................244
Chapter 4 Research on amorphous absorbing materials............................249
4.1 Preparation of amorphous magnetic materials......................................................249
4.1.1 Preparation of amorphous thin band...................................................................249
4.1.2 Preparation of amorphous powder......................................................................252
4.2 Study on the absorbing properties of CoFeBSiNb amorphous powder ................253
4.2.1 Sample preparation and analysis.........................................................................253
4.2.2 Influence of the mass fraction of absorber on absorption performance..............258
Chapter 1 Introduction
4.2.3 Influence of pH value on absorption performance ...........................................266
4.2.4 Influence of corrosion time on absorption performance.....................................271
4.2.5 Influence of graphene composites on absorptive performance...........................275
4.2.6 Summary.............................................................................................................283
4.3 FeSiBPC study on the absorptive properties of amorphous powder.....................286
4.3.1 Sample preparation and analysis.........................................................................286
4.3.2 Influence of the mass fraction of absorber on absorption performance..............290
4.3.3 Influence of pH value on absorption performance..............................................294
4.3.4 Influence of corrosion time on absorptive performance .....................................301
4.3.5 Summary.............................................................................................................313
4.4 Study on the absorptive properties of FeCoB amorphous powder........................317
4.4.1 Sample preparation and analysis.........................................................................317
4.4.2 Influence of the mass fraction of absorber on absorption performance..............320
4.4.3 Summary.............................................................................................................336
References.........................................................................................................341
Huaijun Sun, professor at Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, visiting scholar at U.S. Ames National Laboratory, Ph.D. from Chinese Academy of Sciences, majoring in material physics and chemistry, with a focus on amorphous alloys and material simulation. He has published more than 30 SCI journal papers, presided over and participated in four national-level projects, two provincial-level projects, and authorized five invention patents.