General Report....................................................................................................................................... 1
I. Basic Connotation and Strategic Significance ......................................................................... 2
II. Main Advantages and Constraining Factors........................................................................19
III. Overall Approach and Implementation Roadmap.............................................................54
IV. Improving the Government Guidance Mechanism for the Core Technology
Breakthroughs in Key Fields...............................................................................................................65
Ⅴ. Improving Market Mechanisms for Core Technologies Breakthroughs in Key Fields.. 92
Ⅵ Strengthening the Collaborative Innovation Ecosystem for Core technology
Breakthroughs in Key Fields.............................................................................................................101
VII. Strengthening Institutional Framework to Leverage the Advantages of an
Ultra-Large-Scale Market................................................................................................................. 114
VIII. Building World-Class Innovation Platforms..................................................................126
IX. Improving the Global Innovation System with Internal and External Linkages......... 140
X. Supporting Measures............................................................................................................ 153
Chapter 1 Development Trends and Policy Recommendations for Key Core Technologies in
China ............................................................................................................................................................ 163
1. Connotation of Core Technologies in Key Fields........................................................ 164
2. Positive Progress in Core Technologies in Key Fields................................................ 165
3. Core Technologies in Key Fields Restricting the Development of Strategic Emerging
Industries.....................................................................................................................................169
4. Key Recommendations for Breakthroughs in Core Technologies in Key Fields.....183
Chapter 2 Research on Lessons and Implications from the National Mobilization System for
Scientific and Technological Innovation in Foreign Countries..............................................................188
1. Main Practices of National Mobilization System of Scientific and Technological
Innovation in Foreign Countries...............................................................................................189
2. Main Experiences of National System of Scientific and Technological Innovation in
Foreign Countries.......................................................................................................................198
3. Main Lessons from National Mobilization System for Scientific and Technological
Advancement in Foreign Countries..........................................................................................208
4. Implications for Improving China’s New National Mobilization System for Tackling
Key Core Technologies...............................................................................................................213
Chapter 3 Typical Cases of the Traditional and New National Mobilization Systems................221
1. Typical Case of Traditional National Mobilization System—The “Two Bombs and
One Satellite” Project.................................................................................................................222
2. Typical Case of New National Mobilization System—High-Speed Railway............228
Chapter 4 Lessons and Implications from the US National Mobilization System for Scientific
and Technological Innovation....................................................................................................................232
1. Key Practices of the US National Mobilization System for Scientific and
Technological Innovation...........................................................................................................233
2. Comparative Analysis of National Mobilization Systems for Scientific Technological
Innovation between China and the U.S. ...................................................................................243
3. Implications of the U.S. National System for Scientific and Technological Innovation
for China ......................................................................................................................................249
Chapter 5 Shanghai’s Practices in Achieving Breakthroughs in Core Technologies............... 253
1. Main practices.................................................................................................................254
2. Existing challenges......................................................................................................... 265
3. Main Recommendations................................................................................................ 267
Chapter 6 Shenzhen’s Practices in Achieving Breakthroughs in Core Technologies...............271
1. Main Practices................................................................................................................ 272
2. Existing challenges......................................................................................................... 280
3. Main Recommendations................................................................................................ 284
I. Basic Connotation and Strategic Significance ......................................................................... 2
II. Main Advantages and Constraining Factors........................................................................19
III. Overall Approach and Implementation Roadmap.............................................................54
IV. Improving the Government Guidance Mechanism for the Core Technology
Breakthroughs in Key Fields...............................................................................................................65
Ⅴ. Improving Market Mechanisms for Core Technologies Breakthroughs in Key Fields.. 92
Ⅵ Strengthening the Collaborative Innovation Ecosystem for Core technology
Breakthroughs in Key Fields.............................................................................................................101
VII. Strengthening Institutional Framework to Leverage the Advantages of an
Ultra-Large-Scale Market................................................................................................................. 114
VIII. Building World-Class Innovation Platforms..................................................................126
IX. Improving the Global Innovation System with Internal and External Linkages......... 140
X. Supporting Measures............................................................................................................ 153
Chapter 1 Development Trends and Policy Recommendations for Key Core Technologies in
China ............................................................................................................................................................ 163
1. Connotation of Core Technologies in Key Fields........................................................ 164
2. Positive Progress in Core Technologies in Key Fields................................................ 165
3. Core Technologies in Key Fields Restricting the Development of Strategic Emerging
Industries.....................................................................................................................................169
4. Key Recommendations for Breakthroughs in Core Technologies in Key Fields.....183
Chapter 2 Research on Lessons and Implications from the National Mobilization System for
Scientific and Technological Innovation in Foreign Countries..............................................................188
1. Main Practices of National Mobilization System of Scientific and Technological
Innovation in Foreign Countries...............................................................................................189
2. Main Experiences of National System of Scientific and Technological Innovation in
Foreign Countries.......................................................................................................................198
3. Main Lessons from National Mobilization System for Scientific and Technological
Advancement in Foreign Countries..........................................................................................208
4. Implications for Improving China’s New National Mobilization System for Tackling
Key Core Technologies...............................................................................................................213
Chapter 3 Typical Cases of the Traditional and New National Mobilization Systems................221
1. Typical Case of Traditional National Mobilization System—The “Two Bombs and
One Satellite” Project.................................................................................................................222
2. Typical Case of New National Mobilization System—High-Speed Railway............228
Chapter 4 Lessons and Implications from the US National Mobilization System for Scientific
and Technological Innovation....................................................................................................................232
1. Key Practices of the US National Mobilization System for Scientific and
Technological Innovation...........................................................................................................233
2. Comparative Analysis of National Mobilization Systems for Scientific Technological
Innovation between China and the U.S. ...................................................................................243
3. Implications of the U.S. National System for Scientific and Technological Innovation
for China ......................................................................................................................................249
Chapter 5 Shanghai’s Practices in Achieving Breakthroughs in Core Technologies............... 253
1. Main practices.................................................................................................................254
2. Existing challenges......................................................................................................... 265
3. Main Recommendations................................................................................................ 267
Chapter 6 Shenzhen’s Practices in Achieving Breakthroughs in Core Technologies...............271
1. Main Practices................................................................................................................ 272
2. Existing challenges......................................................................................................... 280
3. Main Recommendations................................................................................................ 284
Guo Xia, who won a master’s degree from Xidian University, is now an associate professor at School of Foreign Languages of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology. She, as an academic scholar, visited Georgetown University in 2013 and University of Sheffield in 2018. With her research focusing on academic English and cognitive linguistics, she has led one provincial first-class course and five provincial educational reform projects, has been part of a team winning two provincial teaching awards, published one academic book, authored over 10 academic papers, and co-translated Shanxi Stories.
Dong Yan is Professor of Applied Linguistics and Dean of the School of Foreign Languages at Taiyuan University of Science and Technology (TYUST). She holds a Ph.D. from Shanghai International Studies University and has conducted advanced research as a visiting scholar at both the University of Michigan (US) and Lancaster University (UK). Her research interest encompasses three primary research domains: (1) discourse analysis, (2) Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), and (3) applied linguistics, with particular expertise in cross-cultural communication. Professor Dong has authored 50+ peer-reviewed articles and an acclaimed monograph on academic discourse. As a dedicated translator, she has rendered 4 significant works bidirectionally between English and Chinese, focusing on enhancing cultural exchange and effectively communicating Chinese narratives to global audiences. She has co-developed 2 textbooks and directed 30+ national/provincial research projects. Her contributions have been recognized with 10+ provincial-level awards for excellence in teaching and research.
Hou Min, who graduated from Taiyuan University of Technology, is presently serving as an associate professor at Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, specializing in cognitive translation studies. She primarily teaches courses such as Translation, Translation of Scientific and Technological English Literature, and Introduction to Cross-Cultural Studies. In addition to her teaching responsibilities, she has published over 30 educational and research papers in CSSCI journals, including Foreign Language Teaching and Research, authored a monograph on cognitive translation, presented papers at international conferences, and led over 10 provincial research projects to completion.